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Common Desktop Environment: Advanced User's and System Administrator's Guide
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HP Part Number: B1171-90162
Published: August 1997
Legal Notices
Publication History
Table of Contents
Preface
Who Should Use This Book
How This Book Is Organized
What DocBook SGML Markup Means
1 Configuring Login Manager
Starting the Login Server
Managing Local and Network Displays
Finding the Login Server Process ID
Displaying a Login Screen on a Local Display
Running the Login Server without a Local Display
Accessing Command Line Login on a Local Display
Accommodating a Character Display Console
Displaying a Login Screen on a Network Display
Controlling Access to the Login Server
Checking for Errors
Stopping the Login Server
The Login Screen
Changing the Login Screen Appearance
To Change the Logo
To Change the Welcome Message
To Change the Fonts
Changing the Login Screen Behavior Per Display
Changing the X Server Access
Issuing Commands Before the Login Screen Appears
Starting a Failsafe Session
Providing an Alternative Desktop Session
After the User's Session Ends
The Login Server Environment
Changing the User or System Path
To Change the System Shell
To Change the Time Zone
Administering Login Manager
Login Manager Files
2 Configuring Session Manager
What Is a Session?
The Initial Session
Current Session
Home Session
Display-Specific Sessions
Starting a Session
When a Session Starts
Sourcing the .dtprofile Script
Sourcing Xsession.d Scripts
Displaying the Welcome Message
Setting Up the Desktop Search Paths
Gathering Available Applications
Optionally Sourcing the .profile or .login Script
Starting the ToolTalk Messaging Daemon
Starting the Session Manager Client
Loading the Session Resources
Starting the Color Server
Starting Workspace Manager
Starting the Session Applications
Additional Session Startup Customizations
To Set Environment Variables
To Set Resources
To Set Display-Specific Resources
To Change Applications for the Initial Session
To Set Up a Display-Specific Session
Executing Additional Commands at Session Startup and Logout
To Execute Additional Commands at Session Startup
To Execute Additional Commands at Logout
To Recover a Session from Backup
To Investigate Session Startup Problems
Session Manager Files and Directories
3 Adding and Administering Applications
Structure of Application Manager
Directory Location of Application Manager
How Application Manager Finds and Gathers Applications
Precedence Rules in Gathering Applications
Application Groups Provided with the Default Desktop
Example of How Application Groups Are Gathered
Adding Applications to Application Manager
Ways to Add Applications to Application Manager
To Add a Desktop-Smart Application to Application Manager
To Register an Existing or Non-Desktop Smart Application
To Add an Application Icon to an Existing Application Group
Creating and Administering General Application Groups
To Create a System-Wide General Application Group
To Create a Personal General Application Group
To Customize a Built-In Application Group
Modifying the Search Path Used To Locate Applications
The Default Search Path
Adding an Application Server to the Application Search Path
General Application Manager Administration
To Remove an Application
To Update Application Manager During a Session
Changing the Text Editor and Terminal Emulator
To Change the Default Text Editor or Terminal Emulator
4 Registering an Application
Overview of Application Registration
Features Provided by Application Registration
The Purpose of Application Registration
General Steps for Registering an Application
Step 1: Modifying Font and Color Resources
Modifying Font Resources
Modifying Color Resources
Step 2: Creating the Desktop Application Root
Step 3: Creating the Registration Package Directories
Registration Package Contents
Step 4: Creating the Actions and Data Types for the Application
Actions and Data Types Required by an Application
Location for Action and Data Type Definition Configuration Files
Ways to Create Actions and Data Types
To Create Actions and Data Types Using Create Action
To Create Actions and Data Types Manually
Step 5: Putting the Help Files in the Registration Package
Step 6: Creating Icons for the Application
Icons Required for the Desktop
Step 7: Creating the Application Group
Creating the Application Group Directory
Application Group Name
Configuring the Application Group To Use a Unique Icon
Creating the Contents of the Application Group
Step 8: Registering the Application Using dtappintegrate
To Register an Application with dtappintegrate
How dtappintegrate Integrates Applications
Example of Creating a Registration Package
Information You Need to Know About "BestTextEditor"
5 Configuring the Desktop in a Network
Overview of Desktop Networking
Types of Networked Desktop Services
Typical Network Situations
Other Networking Situations
Summary—Types of Servers
General Steps for Configuring Desktop Networking
Configuring Base Operating System Networking for the Desktop
Providing Login Accounts to Users
Configuring Distributed File System Access
Configuring Access to Remote Printers
Configuring Electronic Mail
Configuring X Authorization
Configuring Desktop Clients and Servers
Configuring Login and Session Services
Configuring Input Method Servers
Configuring Other Application-Related Services
Administering Application Services
Search Path Environment Variables
Configuring an Application Server and Its Clients
Configuring Database, Icon, and Help Services
Special Networked Application Configurations
6 Configuring and Administering Printing from the Desktop
Adding and Deleting Printers
To Add a Printer to the Desktop
To Delete a Printer from the Desktop
Modifying the Job Update Interval
Printer Icon Images
Icon File Names and Sizes
To Globally Change the Icon, Printer Label, or Description of a Printer
Configuring the Default Printer
To Change the Destination for Default Printing
Printing Concepts
Printing By Drag and Drop Invocation
Printing From CDE Applications
7 Desktop Search Paths
Desktop Search Paths and Their Environment Variables
Setting the Value of a Search Path
To See the Current Value for a Search Path (Output Variable)
To Make Personal Modifications to a Search Path
To Make System-Wide Modifications to a Search Path
Application Search Path
Default Application Search Path
Application Search Path Environment Variables
Syntax for the Application Search Path Input Variables
How the Value of the Application Search Path Is Assembled
Changing the Precedence of the System-Wide Local Location
How the Application Search Path Affects the Database, Icon, and Help Search Paths
Database (Action/Data Types) Search Path
Default Database Search Path
How the Application Search Path Affects the Database Search Path
Database Search Path Environment Variables
Syntax for the Database Search Path Input Variables
How the Database Search Path Is Assembled
Icon Search Path
Default Icon Search Path
How the Application Search Path Affects the Icon Search Path
Icon Search Path Environment Variables
Syntax for the Icon Search Path Input Variables
How the Icon Search Path Is Assembled
Help Search Path
Default Help Search Path
How the Application Search Path Affects the Help Search Path
Help Search Path Environment Variables
Syntax for the Help Search Path Input Variables
How the Help Search Path Is Assembled
Localized Search Paths
8 Introduction to Actions and Data Types
See Also
Introduction To Actions
How Actions Create Icons for Applications
How Actions Use Data Files as Arguments
Additional Uses for Actions
Introduction to Data Types
What Is a Data Type?
How Data Types Connect Data Files to Actions
Creating Desktop Printing for a Data Type
9 Creating Actions and Data Types Using Create Action
What Create Action Does
Limitations of Create Action
Action Limitations
Data Type Limitations
Creating an Action and Data Type for an Application with Create Action
To Create an Action for an Application
To Create One or More Data Types for an Application
Using the Find Set Dialog Box To Specify an Icon
10 Creating Actions Manually
See Also
Reasons You Must Create an Action Manually
COMMAND Actions
MAP Actions
TT_MSG (ToolTalk Message) Actions
Creating an Action Manually: General Steps
Configuration Files for Actions
To Create an Action Manually
Example of Creating a COMMAND Action
Example of Creating a MAP Action
To Reload the Actions/Data Types Database
Creating an Action File (Icon) for an Action
Specifying the Icon Image Used by an Action
To Modify an Existing Action Definition
Precedence in Action Definitions
Building the Execution String for a COMMAND Action
General Features of Execution Strings
Creating an Action that Uses No Arguments
Creating an Action that Accepts a Dropped File
Creating an Action that Prompts for a File Argument
Creating an Action that Accepts a Dropped File or Prompts for One
Creating an Action that Prompts for a Non-File Argument
Interpreting a File Argument as a String
Providing Shell Capabilities in an Action
Creating COMMAND Actions for Multiple File Arguments
Windowing Support and Terminal Emulators for COMMAND Actions
Specifying the Window Support for the Action
Specifying Command-Line Options for the Terminal Emulator
Specifying a Different Default Terminal Emulator
Restricting Actions to Certain Arguments
Restricting an Action to a Specified Data Type
Restricting an Action Based on the Number of Arguments
To Provide Different Double-Click and Drop Behavior
Restricting an Action Based on the Mode of the Argument
Creating Actions that Run Applications on Remote Systems
Creating an Action that Runs a Remote Application
Using Variables in Action and Data Type Definitions
Using String Variables in an Action
Using Environment Variables in Actions and Data Types
Invoking Actions from a Command Line
Syntax of dtaction
Creating an Action that Runs Another Action
Creating an Action that Runs as a Different User
Creating Localized Actions
Locations for Localized Actions
To Localize an Existing Action
Creating Actions for ToolTalk Applications
addressing and disposition Fields
11 Creating Data Types Manually
See Also
Reasons You Must Create a Data Type Manually
Components of a Data Type Definition: Criteria and Attributes
Creating a Data Type Manually: General Steps
Configuration Files for Data Types
To Create a Data Type Definition
Example of Creating a Personal Action and Data Type
Defining the Data Attributes of a Data Type
Specifying the Icon Image Used for a Data Type
Associating Data Types with Actions
Hiding Files Based on Data Type
Specifying Behaviors When the File Is Manipulated
Defining the Data Criteria for a Data Type
Name-Based Data Types
Location-Based Data Types
Data Types Based on Name and Location
Using File Modes as a Typing Criteria
Content-Based Data Typing
To Create a Data Type with Several Independent Criteria
Creating Localized Data Types
Locations for Localized Data Types
To Localize a Data Type
12 Creating Icons for the Desktop
Icon Image Files
Icon File Formats
Icon File Names
Icon Size Conventions
Icon Search Path
Accessing Icons across the Network
Icon Associations
Specifying Icon Files
To Associate an Icon with an Action or Data Type
To Display an Icon in a Front Panel Control
To Associate an Icon with an Application Window
To Use File Manager as an Icon Browser
Icon Design Recommendations
Color Usage
13 Advanced Front Panel Customization
See Also
Front Panel Configuration Files
Default Front Panel Configuration File
Search Path for Front Panel Configuration Files
How the Front Panel Is Assembled: Precedence Rules
Dynamically Created Front Panel Files
Administering User Interface Customizations
To Prevent Personal Customizations
To Restore a Modified Front Panel or Deleted Control or Subpanel
Organization of the Front Panel Definition
Front Panel Components
General Syntax of the Front Panel Definition
Modifying the Main Panel
To Add a Control to the Main Panel
To Remove a Control
To Modify a Control
To Interchange the Position of Controls
To Replace a Front Panel Control
Specifying the Icon Used by a Control
Creating and Modifying Subpanels
To Create a New System-Wide Subpanel
Customizing the Built-in Subpanels
To Change the Auto-Close Behavior of Subpanels
Defining Front Panel Controls
Front Panel Control Definitions
Control Types
To Create a New Control
Customizing the Workspace Switch
To Change the Default Number of Workspaces
To Change the Number of Switch Rows
To Change or Add Controls in the Workspace Switch
General Front Panel Configuration
General Steps
To Change the Default Front Panel Location
To Label Controls in the Main Panel
To Change the Click Behavior of Controls
To Create an Entirely New Front Panel
Example of Creating a Personal Front Panel with Three Rows
14 Customizing the Workspace Manager
See Also
Workspace Manager Configuration Files
To Create or Modify a Personal Configuration File
To Create a System-Wide Configuration File
To Include (Source In) Other Files
To Restart the Workspace Manager
Customizing Workspaces
To Change the Number of Workspaces on a System-Wide Basis
To Provide System-Wide Workspace Names
To Create Additional Backdrops
To Replace the Backdrop With a Graphics Image
Workspace Manager Menus
Workspace Manager Menu Syntax
To Modify the Existing Workspace (Root) Menu
To Create a New Workspace (Root) Menu
To Create a New Window Menu
Customizing Button Bindings
Button Binding Syntax
To Add a Button Binding
To Create a New Button Binding Set
Customizing Key Bindings
Default Desktop Key Bindings
Key Binding Syntax
To Create a Custom Key Binding Set
Switching Between Default and Custom Behavior
15 Administering Application Resources, Fonts, and Colors
Setting Application Resources
To Set System-Wide Resources
To Set Personal Resources
How the Desktop Loads Resources
Defining UNIX Bindings
To Specify EMACS-Style Translations
To Modify the EMACS-Style Translations
UNIX Bindings Provided by the UNIXbindings File
Administering Fonts
Setting Desktop Font Resources
To List Available Fonts
To Specify Fonts on the Command Line
X Logical Font Description (XLFD)
Administering Colors
Color Palettes
Color Sets
Controlling Color with Style Manager
Number of Colors Used by Style Manager
Setting Shadow Thicknesses for Application Windows
16 Configuring Localized Desktop Sessions
Managing the LANG Environment Variable
Setting the Language for Multiple Users
Setting the Language for One Session
Setting the Language for One User
LANG Environment Variable and Session Configuration
Setting Other NLS Environment Variables
Finding Fonts
Localizing app-defaults Resource Files
Localizing Actions and Data Types
Localizing Icons and Bitmaps
Localizing Backdrop Names
Localizing Palette Names
Localizing Help Volumes
Localizing Message Catalogs
Executing Localized Desktop Applications Remotely
Resetting Your Keyboard Map
Selecting an Input Method Server
At Session Startup
Within a Session
Setting the IMS Configuration Files
Setting Input Method Style
Index
List of Figures
1-1
Possible login server configuration
1-2
Desktop login screen
3-1
Application groups in Application Manager
3-2
A typical Application Manager window
3-3
Create Action window
4-1
Application groups at the top level of Application Manager
4-2
An application group containing an icon to start the application
4-3
A data file's pop-up menu containing ``Open'' and ``Print''
4-4
A registration package beneath an application root directory
4-5
Application group at the top level of the Application Manager
4-6
Action and data type definition files
4-7
The appmanager directory
4-8
The application group name (<appgroup_name>)
4-9
How an application group gets a unique icon
4-10
The application icon is a file in the application group
5-1
Application servers provide services to the desktop session
5-2
Files servers provide data to application servers and session servers
5-3
X terminals get session services from a session server
5-4
Services required by a desktop application server can be distributed
5-5
Standard application server configuration
5-6
Execution across mount points
8-1
Uses for actions
8-2
Action icons in the Desktop_Tools application group
8-3
Open action for files of data type XWD
8-4
Application (action) icon representing an action file
8-5
Icon image specified by the ICON field in the action definition
8-6
The Selected menu for an XWD file
9-1
Create Action icon in Application Manager
9-2
Create Action main window
9-3
Advanced features in the main Create Action window
9-4
Create Action's Add Datatype dialog box
9-5
Create Action's Identifying Characteristics dialog box
9-6
Specifying a file or directory characteristic for a data type.
9-7
Specifying the file name characteristic for a data type
9-8
Specifying the permission characteristics for a data type
9-9
Specifying the contents characteristics for a data type
9-10
Find Set dialog box
10-1
Action files (also called action icons or application icons) in Application Manager
10-2
Default action icon image
13-1
Front Panel components
13-2
Main Panel containers
13-3
A subpanel's container is the control to which it is attached
15-1
Color set ID values for HIGH_COLOR
List of Tables
1
DocBook SGML Markup
1-1
Login Server Environments
3-1
Source of Application Groups for Figure 3-2 “A typical Application Manager window”
4-1
Naming Conventions for Icon Files
7-1
Desktop Search Paths
7-2
Desktop Search Path Environment Variables
10-1
Icon Names and Sizes for Action Icons
11-1
Icon Names and Sizes for Data Type Icons
12-1
Icon Sizes and File Names
12-2
Desktop Components and Their Icon Sizes
15-1
dtpad
Overrides for Menu Accelerators and Accelerator Text
15-2
dtmail
Compose Window Overrides
15-3
DtEditor.text
Translations
15-4
Font Property String Specification
15-5
Number of Desktop Colors
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